![]() ![]() 65) More important for Rosa’s work was Raymond’s respect for the writings of Georges Sand and Felicité Robert de Lamennais, who believed that every living creature had a soul, creating a sense of respect within Rosa for the animals of the natural world. Dwyer, "Rosa Bonheur and Her Companion-Artist: What Made Anna Klumpke Special?", in Rosa Bonheur: All Nature's Children, ex. She wrote that “ To doctrines I owe my great and glorious ambition for the sex to which I proudly belong and whose independence I shall defend until my dying day.” (Britta C. Her actions and personality have placed her in a decisive position in early feminism. Raymond’s association with this group contributed to Rosa’s liberal outlook and defiant personality leading to her dressing as a male, cutting her hair short, and smoking cigarettes and cigars much to the disdain of and the misunderstanding of many. While radical in its political and social nature, the Bonheur family supported Raymond in this idealist pursuit of social unity and amelioration. The Saint-Simonians advocated a form of socialism which expressed a desire for the equality of women and men and abolishment of class distinctions, among other goals. During Rosa’s childhood, Raymond was involved with the Saint-Simonians, a political group established in the small town of Menilmontant. Most influential in her life, both artistically and socially, was her father, Oscar-Raymond Bonheur, also a trained artist and devout socialist. She was one of four children, each trained as an artist. Marie-Rosalie Bonheur was born March 16th, 1822 in Bordeaux, France. Her unusual ways attracted considerable public attention and she harnessed this interest throughout her life and established a niche, commercially and artistically, for her work, becoming one of the most original figures of the 19th century. Through contacts, exhibitions, and reproductions disseminated worldwide, Rosa Bonheur’s work was well known throughout Europe and America. History recognizes few females from this period in the position of artistic authority, but Rosa Bonheur established herself as the foremost “animalier,” or animal painter, linked with landscape painting and the Realist tradition. Rarely during the nineteenth century did the artistic career and recognition of a woman eclipse that of her male counterparts. ![]()
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